Resource Category: Governance (Research & Policy)

I had the opportunity to work in various educational settings. I started as a fifth-grade teacher when I was 21 and a half years old. I had no student teaching experience, but it was at a time when you could do that sort of thing. A principal, a good friend of mine, said, “I’ve got a great opportunity for you. The class only has five students.” And at that point, I didn’t know much about education, other than I wanted to be an elementary school teacher so I said, “Oh my god, that sounds amazing.” I was placed in that class the following year and it ended up being an SDC, a special day class, 4^th-6^th grade combo, in my second year of teaching. And I was shocked and had the anxiety that came with not knowing anything about special education. I went back to school and got my master’s degree in special education. Every job subsequently after was connected to serving students with special needs. And that’s where every opportunity that I’ve had as an educator has come from — serving students with special needs.

I had an opportunity to go to Sanger Unified School District in 1999. At that time, there were a lot of stories about Sanger Unified and how it was not a place that people were aspiring to go and learn, build a career, or raise a family. But that’s where I got a lot of my experiences. It was incredibly difficult, but it was also incredibly rewarding to be a part of a system that transformed itself over time. I was an administrator for a junior high school and a counselor at the high school level. In 2013, I became the superintendent of Sanger Unified. And then slowly but surely, a myriad of experiences opened for me because I was serving students with disabilities.

The first opportunity I had to serve at the pleasure of the governor, was as Governor Brown’s appointee on the Advisory Commission on Special Education (ACSE). They were looking for a superintendent that had special education experience. And shortly after that, the Special Education Task Force was curating a committee and wanted a district superintendent with special education experience. So I had the opportunity to serve Maureen Burness, Vicki Barber, and Carl Cohn, as the chair of the Evidence-Based Practices Subcommittee for the Special Education Task Force report.

After that, opportunities kept opening to serve at the pleasure of the governor with a special education emphasis. I was able to serve on CPAG, which was the California Practitioners Advisory Group and then Governor Brown appointed me to serve on the CCEE Governing Board in 2015. I served as the superintendent representative until I left the superintendency and ultimately, that opened the door to serve on the State Board of Education because you can’t serve on the State Board if you’re a superintendent as it’s considered a conflict of interest.

All of a sudden, I wasn’t a superintendent and yet had all of the experiences that they were looking for on the State Board. My name crossed Governor Newsom’s desk and he tapped me to sit represent him on the State Board of Education. That all happened because I was not a superintendent and then lo and behold, because I’m on the state board, Board Chair Linda Darling-Hammond board chair, in the garden, Hammond asked me to chair the CCEE Governing Board, which I had served previously. So it has all kind of come full circle. All these circumstances are serendipitous and coincidental. But really, from the moment I was asked to take on the class with five students… Had I asked any more questions, I probably would have said no. But I didn’t. I was simply that gullible — 21 and a half years old, aspiring teacher willing to do whatever. And I said, “Sure, I’ll do it.” I didn’t know I was going to have to go back to school, get my special education learning handicap credential, get my master’s degree.

As I left the superintendency, WestEd was kind enough and interested enough in my experience to ask me to serve as Director of Systems Transformation. I had three buckets of work in that role that really helped me grow during the last three years. Part of my responsibilities included serving the state of California as a State Board member and as the CCEE Governing Board Chair. I was also the co-lead of the National Center for Systemic Improvement (NCSI). I worked with 28 states, helping them think through how to improve their low performing school systems. And then the final bucket of work was district one. I worked with local districts to improve outcomes for students, with an emphasis on students with disabilities.

Accelerating student learning is not a new thing for us. It should have always been a part of the equation. Students who are struggling cannot be achieving at the same rate as everybody else. The gap will always exist. That’s why teachers will ask, “Why are we talking about this now? We’re always talking about accelerating student learning. This is what we do.” So what is it that we need to do differently? It comes down to a number of nuances in a school system. Do we have a high-quality instructional framework that we’re using across our system? Are we using formative assessments on a frequent basis to assess where students are? Do we have a scope and sequence or a pacing chart? Are we going to adapt the scope, sequence, and pace to review items more deeply? All those nuances come down to the broader questions— What is it that systems highly focused on teaching and learning do? And then what does the classroom teacher have to do, specifically related to teaching and learning? Because if you tell a teacher that they need to focus on accelerating learning, they’re going to say that they’ve already been doing that.

LEAs have to ask themselves, “What does an organization that is focused on student learning prioritize?” And one of the first things that will jump out to most people is student data. So a system should ask itself, “Do we have the ability to talk about student data? Do we have student data? Can we pull the data the way we need to? Does it prioritize our discussions across the system, at the school-site level and at the district level? If so, that system is highly collaborative and highly focused on student learning. Not only can they talk about student data, but they can also prioritize the data and actually use it in cycles of continuous improvement. How are we thinking about data and continuous improvement? Do we have a tiered support system? Do we have universal screeners? Do we know where all kids are? What does the research say about systems focused on student learning? Those are the things that teachers, administrators, and leaders can talk about.

In systems work, there’s a theory called being on the edge of the inside. What this means is that you can often be on the edge of the inside without being on the inside. The analogy is, let’s say you’re driving across the Bay Bridge to go into San Francisco at night and you see these beautiful lights in the city. It gives you this euphoria of going into something that’s going to be magical and beautiful but when you get into the alleys of the city, they look really different than the illusion you saw.

At the National Center for Systems Improvement (NCSI), we would remind state level leaders that just because they did something, it doesn’t mean it was translated into the right work. Oftentimes, they’re seeing an illusion. So as a leader, the only way to get off the edge of the inside is to fight that mentality and get into the alleys to see what’s happening — see the graffiti, see the poverty, see the dirt, and see the mess. Then, you can start figuring out if what you’re seeing is actually what it is. It’s the same thing for accelerated learning. If we don’t tap the user’s perspective, we will be sitting on the edge of the inside for a long time.

When you’re talking about the system, somebody has to build the capacity of the capacity builders. County offices do good work. It can always be more innovative. It can always be better. And they’re always focused on getting better. So who’s best equipped to do that? CCEE. Not necessarily in its own functionality, but in the way that CCEE curates the experts to help meet the needs of county offices and LEAs. It’s about coordinating across the system to share the research and development around what’s working and what’s not working. What are schools and county offices doing to accelerate learning? What are the evidence-based interventions that they’re using? How are they using them? What should we be able to highlight across the state for what is and isn’t working? Where LEAs should invest their resources? How can they receive additional support? That’s something that CCEE is incredibly effective at doing and something we must continue to support.

I think equity is always at the center of CCEE’s work. CCEE is in a great position to not only highlight where equitable outcomes are being achieved, but also highlight system structures that produce inequitable outcomes. For example, in the most recent learning acceleration grant, there’s a focus on literacy interventions. We’re going to be able to study that work and the training that comes out of that work. We’re going to be able to analyze whether it’s having an impact on meeting the needs of students who are most in need of support — your English learners, your students with disabilities, learners who are struggling. But there are things within that work that can be inequitable at times and can actually prevent the system from achieving what it’s hoping to achieve. For example, if we ask a system about the number of students who are currently on track to read at grade level at the end of third grade, most systems will not be able to provide that information. Well, in order to improve outcomes, systems have to be able to do that.

CCEE can highlight those kinds of dilemmas. You can put all the professional learning and development into teaching and learning that you want. It does a system no good if the only person that can see that is the teacher. So when we think about equity, I think it has to be about highlighting the opportunities where we have the best means to achieve equitable outcomes, and then calling out the systemic barriers that get in the way of that. We need to help the system think through how to solve that problem. And where can we be of help?

Here’s one thing that I think is often overlooked. If we’re going to talk about literacy outcomes for students, which we are in the learning acceleration grant, we’re going to develop professional learning for teachers. They’re going to be working in the primary grades to identify evidence-based interventions that help students with their literacy. Shouldn’t they have access to literature? Most superintendents would say “Absolutely!” Well, how are we going to do this if we can’t extend the learning beyond the classroom to the home? So the question for me would be whether schools have the appropriate ratio of books to students. And I can guarantee, the schools that are less affluent have less access to quality literature. That’s an inequity. But without somebody highlighting that inequity, without somebody calling that to task, it gets forgotten. The quality of literature that students are being exposed to, the depth of literature, and the quality of teacher librarians — shouldn’t that be a priority? The job of CCEE is to help think about those things.